3D Scaning Buddhist Temple Arch At Wutai Mountain

In recent years, we have seen that 3D scanning technology has been used to help protect many of China’s cultural heritage. Now, let’s take a look at the handheld 3D scanner that created a very detailed 3D model of architectural landmarks on Buddhist sites, and recorded the process in the case study.
Mount Wutai is one of the four sacred mountains of Chinese Buddhism. The National Tourism Administration of China has listed it as a 5A tourist attraction. There are more than 40 temples here. UNESCO has listed it as a world heritage. Since the first century, millions of people have visited this place every year to pay tribute. Among all the amazing scenic spots in Wutai Mountain, Longquan Temple stands out because of the “unique architectural style” described in the case study, which is largely due to the Chinese painter and mason Hu Mingzhu. In the mid-1920s, he proved himself by designing a shelter in Longquan Temple, and impressed tourists and craftsmen with his beautiful stone carving. The next year, he won the bid to build the arch in front of the temple.
The artist used yellow wax to shape the original design of the arch, and then made a prototype, combining stone carving with traditional Chinese carpentry patterns. All the columns are decorated with art dragons, and the arch is located at the top of the 108 stairs, which is a sacred Buddhist number. The center depicts “the life scene of Buddha”.
Artec pointed out in its case study that “its three gates are formed by four square piers, and the four piers are supported by the front four columns and the back four columns.” “The dome of the gate is famous for its elaborately carved peonies, mature persimmons, traditional brushes, paper fans, and rare books. In addition, more than 20 stone lions with different postures have been found here.”
3D scanning in a very narrow space needs to preserve many details to preserve cultural works, but 3D scanning technology can solve this problem. The requirement is that each element must be rendered in a very accurate way, and there is no gap in the 3D model, and the master must be able to decompose into separate structural parts, so that the entire arch can be carefully examined.
This is the strength of the handheld 3D scanner, because you can move it around the object to capture each surface from any angle.
The team used a set of safe ladders to reach the higher area of the arch because the space was too narrow to use scaffolding equipment. In addition, when scanning a smooth surface at a height of 3000 meters, sunlight is also a problem because it looks brighter and has higher reflection intensity. So some 3D scans must be completed after sunset, but high-precision 3D scanners can analyze slight distortion in structured light after the scanner reaches the object surface and bounces. This makes it possible to accurately reconstruct the scanned shape.
The team spent two weeks collecting all 500 GB of raw data, equivalent to 100000 smartphone images. When customers see the final 3D model one month later, they are very impressed with the high quality of its restoration.
Thanks to the 3D scanning technology, the whole arch, including the top part that is not often seen, is saved in a detailed 3D model, which can now be viewed by artists, architects, Sinology (Chinese Studies) experts and even students with high resolution.

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At present, the commonly used 3D printing technologies include Multi Jet Fusion(MJF), Selected Laser Sintering(SLS), Stereolithography(SLA), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), and Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS).

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Dimensional Accuracy In 3D Printing

The dimensional accuracy refers to how accurate the size and form of the printed part are compared to that in the CAD design. Factors that affect dimensional accuracy include material quality, equipment, post-processing, and more. Dimensional tolerance, shrinkage, and support requirements are three key elements to measuring dimensional accuracy. Below are the dimensional tolerance of different 3D processes.

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Layer height is a measurement of the amount of material extruded by the printer’s nozzle for each layer of your part. It is measured in microns or millimeters. The selection of layer height is important for some 3D printing technologies, such as SLA and FDM. Below are the typically applied layer height for different processes.

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3D printing and prototyping have advanced development in recent years. With these improvements, metal 3D printing has become a possibility. Metal 3D printing is used in a variety of sectors. Companies that use metal 3D printing are discovering that 3D printing complicated metal parts in low quantities is considerably more cost-effective than traditional methods of production. Metal 3D printed items are cheaper and have a wider range of material alternatives. Aluminum is a popular metal for 3D printing since it is both sturdy and lightweight. Steel is another extensively used material that is perfect for industrial applications due to its strength, good polish, and temperature tolerance. Metal 3D printing is utilized in a wide range of sectors for a variety of purposes. Functional prototypes, end-use parts, Jigs, tooling, and fixtures are some of the applications.

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